The Development of Neurosurgery in Semarang 

The history of neurosurgery in Semarang began with the arrival of Dr. M. Amanullah, a neurosurgeon trained in Munich, Germany, making him the first neurosurgeon in Semarang. He began his practice at Dr. Kariadi Hospital in 1979. In 1986, Dr. Trihadji and Dr. Hotasi Napitupulu arrived from Germany to begin their practice as neurosurgeons at Dr. Kariadi Hospital. However, their stay was short-lived, as they had to return to Jakarta. In 1991, Dr. Gunadi Kusnarto arrived in Semarang and began working as a neurosurgeon at Dr. Kariadi Hospital. He was followed by Dr. Zainal Muttaqin in 1993 and Dr. Erie BPS Andar in 1995. By 2011, a total of seven neurosurgeons were working in Semarang, including, in addition to those mentioned above, Dr. Happy Kurnia Brotoarianto, Dr. Dody Priambada, Dr. The newly established Neurosurgery and Epilepsy Center is a specialized unit of Kariadi Hospital and the Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University. As of July 1999, it is the only center in Indonesia performing epilepsy surgery. A comprehensive pre-surgical evaluation is conducted by a neurosurgery team in collaboration with epilepsy specialists, under the direction of Professor Zainal Muttaqin. During the first ten years, 238 epilepsy surgery procedures were performed at the epilepsy center at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital in Semarang.